Health Care

Clinical features:  Measles is a serious respiratory infection. It is characterized by prodrome fever (up to 105 ° F) as well as malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis - three “C” -, pathognomonic patches (Koplik spots) followed by the icon maculopapular rash external. The rash usually appears about 14 days after exposure. The rash spreads from the head to the trunk to the lower extremities. Patients are considered infectious diseases from 4 days before 4 days after the onset of the rash. Significantly, sometimes immune compromised patients do not have a rash.  The virus:  Measles is caused by a single-row, coagulated RNA virus with 1 serotype. It is classified as a member of the Morbillivirus genus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Humans are the only germs in the measles virus.  Background:  In the decade before the livelihoods of the live measles vaccine were approved in 1963, an average of 549,000 people were infected with measles, and 495 deaths each year ...

What is malaria?  Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a virus that usually infects a particular type of mosquito that eats people. People who get malaria often get very sick because of high fever, cold, and flu-like illnesses. Four types of malaria parasites infect humans: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium closed, and Plasmodium malaria. In addition, Plasmodium themselves, a type of malaria that naturally affects macaques in Southeast Asia, also infects humans, causing malaria that is transmitted from animal to human ("zoonotic" malaria). Plasmodium falciparum is a type of malaria that is more likely to cause serious illness and if left untreated can lead to death. Although malaria can be a deadly disease, the illness and death caused by malaria can often be prevented.   About 2,000 cases of malaria occur in the United States each year. Most cases in the United States are for travelers and migrants from parts of the world where malaria...

Quick facts about typhoid:  Typhoid fever is a common bacterial infection in low-income countries. Left untreated, it kills in about 25 percent of cases. Symptoms include high fever and stomach problems. Some people carry germs without symptoms Most of the cases reported in the United States are found overseas. The only way to treat typhoid is with antibiotics.  What is typhoid?  Typhoid is a disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium. The bacterium lives in the intestines and blood of humans. It spreads from person to person through direct contact with the feces of an infected person. No animals carry the disease, so the infection is always human to human. Left untreated, about one in 5 cases of typhoid can be fatal. With treatment, less than 4 out of 100 cases are fatal. Salmonella typhi enters the mouth and spends 1 to 3 weeks in the gut. After this, it enters the intestinal wall and enters the bloodstream. From the blood, it spreads to other tissues and or...

Genes are the basis of genetics. They are passed on from parent to child. They contain DNA, the instructions for making proteins. Proteins do a lot of work for cells. They move molecules from place to place, build structures, detoxify, and perform many other repair tasks. Sometimes there is a genetic mutation, a genetic predisposition. Genetic modification alters genetic instructions for protein synthesis, so protein is not fully functional or completely deficient. This can lead to a health condition called a genetic disorder. You can inherit a genetic mutation from one or both parents. Conversion may occur during your lifetime. There are three types of genetic disorders:  A single genetic disorder,  in which mutations affect one gene. Sickle cell anemia is an example.  Chromosomal disruption,  in which chromosomes (or parts of chromosomes) are absent or altered. Chromosomes are the building blocks of our genes. Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder.  Complex ...

Tay-Sachs syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that is passed on from parent to child. It is caused by a lack of an enzyme that helps break down fatty substances. These fatty substances, called gangliosides, build up to toxic levels in the brain and spinal cord and affect the function of nerve cells. In the most common and severe form of Tay-Sachs disease, signs and symptoms begin to appear around 3 to 6 months of age. As the disease a progress, growth slows down and muscles begin to weaken. Over time, this can lead to seizures, hallucinations, paralysis, and other serious problems. Children with this form of Tay-Sachs usually live for only a few years. Often, some children have Tay-Sachs syndrome and may be living in their teens. Rarely, do some adults have Tay-Sachs syndrome which is usually more severe than the types that start in childhood. If you have a family history of Tay-Sachs disease or if you are a member of a high-risk group and are planning to have children, health care pro...

  Sickle cell anemia is one of the genetic disorders known as sickle cell disease. It affects the structure of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Red blood cells are usually round and flexible, so they travel easily through blood vessels. Red blood cells are usually round and flexible, so they travel easily through blood vessels. In sickle cell anemia, some red blood cells look like scissors or shiny moons. These sickle cells are also strong and sticky, which can slow down or block blood flow. There is no cure for most people with sickle cell anemia. Treatment can reduce pain and help prevent complications related to the disease.  Symptoms:  Signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia usually appear around 6 months of age. They vary from person to person and may change over time. Signs and symbols may include:  Anemia;  sickle cells break down easily and die. Red blood cells usually live about 120 days before they need to be replaced. But...

Thalassemia (thal-uh-SEE-me-uh) is a hereditary blood disorder that causes your body to have less hemoglobin than normal. Hemoglobin stimulates red blood cells to carry oxygen. Thalassemia can cause anemia, leaving you tired. If you have central thalassemia, you may not need treatment. But more serious ones may need regular blood transfusions. You can take steps to deal with fatigue, such as choosing a healthy diet and exercising regularly.  Symptoms:  There are several types of thalassemia. The symptoms and signs you have depend on the type and severity of your condition.   Signs and symptoms of thalassemia may include   fatigue ,  weaknesses ,  pale or yellow skin ,  facial cerebral palsy ,  slow growth ,  swelling of the abdomen ,  and black urine.   Some babies show signs and symptoms of thalassemia at birth; others raise them during the first two years of life. Some people with only one hemoglobin gene have no symptoms of thala...