KIDNEY INFECTION/KIDNEY DISEASE

 


Kidney disease, also called pyelonephritis, is when germs cause problems with your kidneys or both. It is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI). The main function of your kidneys is to remove waste products and to absorb more water from your bloodstream. Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that usually starts in the urethra or bladder and extends to one or both kidneys. Kidney infection needs immediate attention. Left untreated, a kidney infection can permanently damage your kidneys, or germs can spread to your bloodstream and cause life-threatening illnesses. Treatment of kidney infection, which usually includes antibiotics, may require hospitalization.

Symptoms; signs and symptoms of a kidney infection may include: fever, cold, back pain, side (flank) or groin, abdominal pain, frequent urination, strong, persistent desire to urinate, feeling hot or painful when urinating, nausea and vomiting, pus or blood in your urine (hematuria) and bad or cloudy urine. Causes; bacteria that enter your urinary tract through your urethra can multiply and travel to your kidneys. This is the most common cause of kidney infection. Bacteria from other infections in your body can also spread through your bloodstream to your kidneys. Although it is not uncommon to develop kidney disease, it is possible - for example, if you have an artificial joint or an infected heart valve. Rarely, kidney failure occurs after kidney surgery.

Risk factors; factors that increase the risk of a kidney infection include: Being a woman; the urethra in women is shorter than in men, making it easier for germs to pass from the body to the bladder. The proximity of the urinary tract to the vagina and anus also creates a greater risk of infection entering the bladder. Once in the bladder, the disease can spread to the kidneys. Pregnant women are at an even greater risk of kidney infection. Closure of the urinary tract includes anything that slows down the flow of urine or reduces your ability to empty your bladder when you urinate - including kidney stones, something unusual in the structure of your urinary tract, or, in men, an enlarged prostate gland. Having a weakened immune system, including medical conditions that impair your immune systems, such as diabetes and HIV. Certain medications, such as drugs taken to prevent transplantation, have a similar effect. Having nerve damage around the bladder, a nerve or spinal cord injury can prevent the infection from affecting the bladder so that you do not know when it is time to move on. Using a urinary catheter for a long time, urine catheter tubes are used to remove urine from the bladder. You may be able to place a catheter during and after certain surgical procedures and diagnostic tests. You can use one continuously if you are trapped in bed. Having an old condition that urine flows in the wrong way. In vesicoureteral reflux, a small amount of urine flows from the bladder to the ureter and kidneys. People with this condition are at greater risk of developing kidney disease in childhood and adulthood.

Problems; left untreated, kidney infections can lead to more serious problems, such as Kidney scars, which can lead to chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure, and kidney failure. In septicemia, your kidneys filter the waste products into your bloodstream and return your filtered blood to your entire body. Having kidney disease can cause germs to spread to your bloodstream. Pregnancy problems, women who develop kidney disease during pregnancy may be at greater risk of giving birth to low birth weight babies.

Normal conditions; the urinary tract is a system of drainage. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. Healthy kidneys work day and night to cleanse our blood. These 2 bean-shaped limbs are located near the center of the back, just below the rib cage. One kidney sits on each side of the spine. Our kidneys are the primary filter for our bodies. They cleanse about 100 gallons [150 L] of blood a day. Every day, they make about 1-2 liters of urine by injecting water and waste into the bloodstream. Urine usually travels from the kidneys to another and exits through a tube. Like a filter, the kidneys control many things to keep us healthy: Liquid balance, electrolyte levels (eg, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, acid). Urine disposal, blood pressure control, and red blood cell count. When the kidneys are damaged, they may not function properly. In most cases, the other damage will not cause too much trouble. However, severe damage may require additional treatment, such as dialysis.

Diagnosis; many problems with the pelvis and stomach can cause symptoms that look like kidney disease. Your doctor will want to diagnose your condition properly so that he or she can learn what is happening and receive the best possible treatment. To diagnose the problem, your healthcare provider may use the following tests: Medical history, you will be asked questions about your symptoms, when they started, and your general health history. Physical examination, you will receive a standard medical examination to collect blood and urine samples. The doctor will probably press your abdomen to check for pain or sensitivity. Urine analysis, a sample of your urine will be tested for signs of infection. High levels of white blood cells and viruses mean there is a disease. Urine culture, according to the urine culture, bacteria in the urine may grow in the culture container within a few days. This information will help the doctor decide which antibiotic to use. Blood cultures, blood pressure can mean that your infection has spread to your bloodstream. Computed tomography (CT scan), a CT scan is not required to diagnose kidney infection, but it does show 3D images of the urinary tract and kidneys to diagnose problems. CT will also see if there is prevention that needs treatment. Ultrasound of kidneys, ultrasound can create images of the kidneys and ureter to show if there are sores, stones, or other obstructions in the urinary tract. This information can help guide treatment decisions. Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) x-ray image of the bladder and urethra taken from the bladder is also full during urination. It uses a different dye. This test can show problems in the urethra and another. Digital rectal examination (DRE), DRE physical examination of the prostate. Men who are likely to have kidney disease may have DRE to see if the swollen prostate blocks the neck of the bladder. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy, this test uses small amounts of radioactive material to monitor kidney function. Special cameras and computers take pictures to see if the kidneys are infected, scarred, or damaged. Your doctor will also look at problems that can cause kidney diseases, such as kidney stones or birth defects. These substances can be treated to prevent future infections. Your treatment will be based on a clear diagnosis of the problem.

Treatment; kidney disease is treated with antibiotics. This medicine is given as a pill to be taken at home. If the infection is severe, or if the patient vomits, you may need to go to the hospital for antibiotics (IV). To cure the infection and prevent a recurrence, it is common to receive two or more weeks of antibiotics. After treatment, urine rituals are used to ensure that the infection does not return. If possible, an additional two weeks of medication are given. If it happens again, up to 6 weeks of use can be used.

When to see a doctor? Make time to see your doctor if you have any signs of anxiety or symptoms. If you are being treated for a urinary tract infection but your symptoms and signs are not improving, make an appointment. Acute kidney infection can lead to life-threatening complications. Get medical help immediately if you have symptoms of kidney infection including bloody urine or nausea and vomiting.

 SAMINA ZAHEER (HEALTH CARE, HEALTH TIPS)

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