Myocardial infarction

 


Myocardial infarction (often called a heart attack) is a very serious condition caused by a lack of blood flow to your heart muscle. Lack of blood flow may be due to many different factors but it is usually related to obstruction of one or more arteries of your heart. Acute myocardial infarction, also known as heart disease, is a life-threatening condition that occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is abruptly cut off, causing tissue damage. This is usually the result of obstruction of one or more coronary arteries. The blockage may develop as a result of the accumulation of plaque, fatty acids, cholesterol, and cellular waste products or as a result of the sudden blood clots that form in the blockage.

What are the symptoms of acute myocardial infarction?

If you, or someone close to you, are experiencing symptoms of a heart attack, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency department. Although the oldest symptoms of a heart attack are asthma and shortness of breath, the symptoms can vary greatly. The most common symptoms of a heart attack include chest tightness or tightness, pain in the chest, back, jaw, and other upper extremities that lasts more than a few minutes or moves away, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, anxiety, feeling like you are going to faint, rapid heartbeat and a feeling of coming judgment. It is important to note that not all people with a heart attack have the same symptoms or the same severity of symptoms. Chest pain is a common symptom reported between women and men. However, women are more likely to be than men to have many “unusual” symptoms, such as shortness of breath, jaw pain, upper back pain, and nausea. Some women who have had a heart attack report that their symptoms sound like flu-like symptoms.

What causes acute myocardial infarction? Your heart is a vital organ in your cardiovascular system, which includes various types of blood vessels. Some of the most important vessels are vessels. They take oxygen-rich blood from your body and all your organs. Cardiovascular systems absorb oxygen-rich blood, especially your heart tissue. When these arteries become blocked or narrowed due to the formation of a soft crust, the blood flow to your heart can be greatly reduced or stopped altogether. This can cause heart disease.

Who is at risk for acute myocardial infarction? A major cause of heart problems can be Fat. People who eat a lot of processed and fried foods, as well as meat and dairy products that contain unhealthy saturated fats and trans saturated fats, are at greater risk for heart disease. Obesity can increase this risk. According to one study, replacing 2 percent calories consumed in carbs with saturated fat could double the risk of heart disease. In addition, your blood contains fats known as triglycerides, which keep the energy from the food you eat. If the triglycerides level in your blood is high, you may be at greater risk for heart disease. If, in addition, you have high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in your blood, your risk may be even higher. This is because LDL cholesterol can stick to the walls of your arteries and produce plaque, a solid substance that blocks the flow of blood to the arteries. Lowering the cholesterol and unhealthy fats in your body usually requires you to eat nutritious foods that contain fewer processed foods, and if necessary, take medications called statins. Your doctor will be able to recommend the best diet for you and determine if you need medication.

How is acute myocardial infarction diagnosed? To determine if you have a heart attack, your doctor will look at your history of symptoms, as well as your important symptoms such as high blood pressure. Your doctor will then complete the physical examination with direct attention to the heart. Your doctor will also perform several different tests if he or she suspects you have a heart attack. An electrocardiogram (EKG) can be performed to measure the electrical activity of your heart. Blood tests will also be used to detect proteins associated with heart damage, such as troponin. Your doctor may also perform an angiogram with coronary catheterization to check for blockages in your arteries.

How is acute myocardial infarction treated? A heart attack needs immediate treatment, so most treatments begin in the emergency room. Treatment may include taking medication to lower blood pressure, reduce pain, or lower your heart rate. The doctor may also refer you to a minimally invasive procedure called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), formerly called stent angioplasty. This procedure is used to open the arteries to the heart. During the procedure, your surgeon will insert a long, thin tube called a catheter into your vein to get you closed. They will then inflate a small balloon attached to the catheter to reopen the artery, allowing blood flow to resume. Your surgeon may also place a small, spaced tube called a stent in the area of ​​the closure. The stent can prevent the vein from closing again. Your doctor may also want to perform a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). In this procedure, your surgeon will restore blood flow by reshaping your arteries and blood vessels so that blood can flow through the closed space. CABG is sometimes administered immediately after a heart attack. In most cases, however, it is done a few days after the incident so that your heart can have time to heal. Another procedure your doctor may require is surgery on the outside, which is used to build new blood vessels to the heart. Many different medicines can also be used to treat heart disease: Antihypertensive drugs, such as aspirin, are commonly used to break down blood clots and improve blood flow to the arteries. Thrombolytics are often used to dissolve clots. Antiplatelet drugs, such as clopidogrel, can be used to prevent new tumors from forming and existing ones from growing. Nitroglycerin can be used to expand your blood vessels. Beta-blockers lower blood pressure and relax your heart muscle. This can help reduce the amount of damage to your heart. ACE inhibitors can also be used to lower blood pressure and reduce heat stress. Pain relievers can be used to reduce any discomfort you may feel. Diuretics can help reduce fluid retention to simplify heart function.

 Samina Zaheer (Health tips, Health care)

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