Epilepsy

 


Epilepsy is a neurological condition that causes irreversible, recurrent seizures. Fainting is a sudden run of abnormal electrical activity in your brain. Doctors diagnose epilepsy when you experience two or more seizures for no apparent reason. Epilepsy affects more than 50 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and nearly 3.5 million people in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Anyone can get epilepsy, but it usually starts in young children and adults. According to a study published in 2021, men are more likely to suffer from epilepsy than women, possibly because of increased exposure to dangerous substances such as alcohol abuse and traumatic brain injury.

The two main types of seizures are: general coma and concentrated fainting. Normal seizures affect your entire brain. Focused vibration, or small vibrations, affects only one part of your brain. Slight fainting may be difficult to detect. It may last a few seconds, and you may stay awake as it happens. Severe fainting can cause spasms and uncontrolled muscle movement. They can last from a few seconds to a few minutes and can cause confusion or loss of consciousness. After that, you may not remember the seizure that occurred. There is currently no cure for epilepsy, but it can be treated with medication and other strategies.

What are the symptoms of epilepsy? Fainting is a major symptom of epilepsy. Symptoms vary from person to person and depending on the type of seizure. Concentrated fainting (partial); the focal aware seizure (formerly called simple partial seizure) does not involve loss of consciousness. Symptoms include changes in the nations of taste, smell, sight, hearing, or touch, dizziness, ringing, and moving limbs. Concentrated unconsciousness (formerly called complex partial seizures) involves loss of consciousness or consciousness. Other symptoms include: staring blankly, non-response, performing repetitive movements, and normal fainting. Normal seizures involve the entire brain. Subcategories include: Absence seizures were called "petit mal seizures". They often cause short-term loss of consciousness, blurred vision, and may trigger repetitive movements such as clenching the lips or blinking. Tonic seizures cause sudden muscle stiffness in your legs, arms, or trunk. Atonic Attack; atonic constipation leads to loss of muscle control. They are also called "drop falls" because sudden muscle loss can cause you to fall suddenly. Clonic seizures are characterized by recurrent movements of the muscles in the face, neck, and arms. Myoclonic seizures cause spontaneous movement of the arms and legs. Sometimes these captives come together. Tonic-clonic seizures were often referred to as "grand mal seizures." Symptoms include: physical fitness, trembling, loss of bladder or bowel control, biting the tongue, loss of consciousness. After fainting, you may not remember having it, or you may feel a little sick for a few hours.

What causes epilepsy? About half of people with Trouble Source, the cause cannot be determined, according to the WHO. Several factors can contribute to the development of seizures, such as traumatic brain injury or other head trauma, brain scars after brain injury (post-traumatic epilepsy), very serious illness, or very high fever. Stroke, which causes about half the most reliable source of epilepsy in adults if there is no known cause, according to the CDC oxygen deficiency in the brain, a tumor on the brain or a cyst, dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, maternal drug use, prenatal injury, brain damage, or malnutrition at birth, infectious diseases such as HIV and AIDS and meningitis, genetic or aging disorders or neurological disorders. Epilepsy can develop at any age, but the most common diagnosis is made in childhood or after 60 years.

How is epilepsy diagnosed? If you suspect you have been in a coma, see a doctor as soon as possible. Fainting can be a symptom of a serious health problem. Your medical history and symptoms will help your doctor determine which tests will be helpful. They will probably give you a neurological exam to test your motor skills and mental performance. To diagnose epilepsy, some cases of seizures must be ruled out. The doctor will probably order a total blood count (CBC) and chemistry for your blood. Blood tests may be used to check: symptoms of infectious diseases, liver and kidney function, and blood glucose levels. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most common test used to diagnose epilepsy. Rare and painless tests include placing electrodes on your head to search for abnormal patterns in the electrical activity of your brain. You may be asked to do some work during the test. In some cases, tests are performed while you are asleep. Imaging tests may reveal tumors and other abnormalities that may cause seizures. These tests may include CT scan, MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computerized tomography. Epilepsy is usually diagnosed when fainting, but there is no obvious or recurring cause.

How is epilepsy treated? Treatment for epilepsy may help you to reduce tremors or prevent seizures completely. Your treatment plan will be based on: the severity of your symptoms, your health, how well you respond to treatment. Other treatment options include: Anti-epileptic drugs can help reduce the severity of your seizures. Some people may even faint. For it to work best, the medicine should be taken exactly as your doctor advised. Vagus nerve stimulator; the device is inserted under the skin on your chest and stimulates the nerve running around your neck to prevent fainting. Ketogenic diets; according to the Epilepsy Foundation, more than half of children who do not respond to medication benefit from a ketogenic diet, which is a high-fat diet and low in carbohydrates. Brain surgery; the area of ​​the brain that causes the seizure can be removed or altered if you and your healthcare team decide that it is the right treatment for your condition.

Research into new drugs is ongoing. Another treatment that may be widely available in the future is deep brain regeneration. It involves inserting electrodes into your brain and a generator into your chest. The generator sends electrical impulses to your brain to help reduce seizures. The FDA has approved the use of deep brain stimulation in 2018 for people over the age of 18 with severe seizures who have not responded to at least three anti-epileptic drugs. Very minor surgery and radiation surgery are also under investigation.


Samina Zaheer (health tips, health care)

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